As any modern American can tell you, stress affects us all. Stress can come from work, from home, from world events, or from self-imposed choices. Most disease is a result, either directly or indirectly, from stress in our lives. During pregnancy, however, the effects are twofold: both the mother and the unborn child are affected by stress. What can this cause?
It has been known for some time that above-average stress levels during pregnancy can lead to low birth weight. A large stress early in pregnancy (such as an earthquake or other major event) have been linked to various combinations of early delivery and low birth weight. These effects are less pronounced if the major stresses occur later in the pregnancy.
Now, more serious effects of stress are also being understood. Some scientists suggest that the physical and emotional health of an adult can be more affected by life in the womb than by genetic makeup. Stress increases levels of toxins and certain hormones in the placenta and to the fetus. Additionally, blood flow to the placenta is reduced, restricting delivery of nutrients. These two factors alone can have long-lasting decremental effects in the newborn, even to adulthood. If the levels of stress within the mother are high enough, there can be serious effects on fetal growth and an increase in miscarriage. That having been said, the incidence rate of serious issues is low.
Normal levels of stress, however, can be healthy. Stress causes an increase in cortisol levels in the blood, and this results in organ and body development in the fetus. Trying to avoid stress altogether can also lead to secondary issues in the expectant mother, such as loneliness and depression.
Certainly some stress is unavoidable during pregnancy: after all, your life is about to change! How can an expectant mother keep her stress levels reasonable? The answer is to return to the basics: good diet, exercise, and nutrition are important. Find ways and times to relax regularly, through meditation or peaceful activities. Expand (or develop) a good support network early and maintain it long after the birth of the child.
While stress is an unavoidable part of life, keeping stress to reasonable levels is very important during pregnancy. Take the time necessary for yourself to ensure your child is healthy and well from day one.
Resources:
- Stress and Pregnancy
- Stress During Pregnancy can Affect a Child’s Health
- The Claim: Emotional Stress Is Harmful During Pregnancy
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Healthy thoughts,
Jeff
